The three common types of bends, depending on the context, are: air bending, bottom bending, and coining in metal fabrication; sheet bend, water knot, and double fisherman’s knot for ropes; and whole step, half step, and quarter step in guitar playing
The three main types of bending used in sheet metal work are:
Air Bending
The most common bending method.
The sheet metal is pressed into a V-die by a punch but doesn’t fully contact the die bottom — only the edges and the punch tip touch.
Advantages: Flexible, requires less force, allows multiple bend angles with one die.
Disadvantages: Slightly less accurate due to springback.
Bottoming (or Bottom Bending)
The punch forces the sheet metal to fully contact the bottom of the V-die.
Advantages: More accurate bend angle and less springback.
Disadvantages: Requires more force and dedicated tooling for each angle.
Coining
A high-pressure bending process where the punch deeply penetrates the metal, thinning it slightly at the bend.
Advantages: Very accurate bends with minimal springback.
Disadvantages: High tonnage required, more tool wear, less flexible.
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